MARC standards

Evaluación | Biopsicología | Comparativo | Cognitivo | Del desarrollo | Idioma | Diferencias individuales | Personalidad | Filosofía | Social | Métodos | Estadística | Clínico | Educativo | Industrial | Artículos profesionales | Psicología mundial | Psicología Profesional: Debating Chamber · Psychology Journals · Psychologists MARC is an acronym for MAchine-Readable Cataloging. It is a 'communications standard [para] exchanging bibliographic, holdings, and other data'(2) between libraries. It defines a bibliographic data format that emerged from a United States Library of Congress-led initiative that began in the 1970s. It provides the protocol by which computers exchange, uso, and interpret bibliographic information. Its data elements make up the foundation of most library catalogs used today. The MARC Standards Office is part of the Library of Congress. The record structure of MARC is an implementation of ISO 2709, also known as ANSI/NISO Z39.2. The future of the MARC formats is a matter of some debate in the worldwide library science community. On the one hand, the formats are quite complex and are based on outdated technology. On the other, there is no alternative bibliographic format with an equivalent degree of granularity. Contents 1 MARC record types 2 MARC "flavours" 3 Ver también 4 External links MARC record types Authority records -- MARC authority records provide information about individual names, subjects, and uniform titles. An authority record establishes an authorized form of each heading, with references as appropriate from other forms of the heading. Bibliographic records -- MARC bibliographic records describe the intellectual and physical characteristics of bibliographic resources (libros, sound recordings, video recordings, y así sucesivamente).  Holdings records -- MARC holdings records provide copy-specific information on a library resource (call number, shelf location, y así sucesivamente).  MARC "flavours" There are many national as well as international "flavours" (variants) of MARC, including USMARC: national MARC of the United States, now obsolete. MARC 21: el "harmonization" of USMARC and CAN/MARC AUSMARC: national MARC of Australia, published by the National Library of Australia in 1973; USMARC adopted in 1991 BIBSYS-MARC: used by all Norwegian University Libraries, la biblioteca nacional, todas las bibliotecas universitarias, and a number of research libraries. CAN/MARC: national MARC of Canada, now obsolete. CMARC: national MARC of the Republic of China, based on UNIMARC DANMARC: national MARC of Denmark, based on MARC21 INTERMARC: MARC used by Bibliothèque nationale de France NORMARC: national MARC of Norway, based on MARC21 UNIMARC: created by IFLA in 1977, it is the official MARC in France MARC 21 is not a new format. The original American version of MARC became USMARC in the 1980s; there was also a separate Canadian version with minor differences called CAN/MARC. After making minor changes to both formats, the USMARC and CAN/MARC specifications were merged in 1997 to create MARC 21, the name intended to reflect the 21st century. The British Library has announced that it will no longer develop the UKMARC standard it had maintained since 1975, in favour of MARC 21. See also Z39.50 Dublin core Anglo-American Cataloguing Rules External links Understanding MARC Bibliographic Machine Readable Cataloging, good for newbies Marc authority records MARC home page MARC frequently asked questions List of MARC country codes MARC Standards Office Usenet post about MARC de:Machine-Readable_Catalog da:MARC standarder fr:Format MARC nl:MARC (standaard) nn:MARC-standardar zh:機讀編目格式標準 Esta página utiliza contenido con licencia Creative Commons de Wikipedia (ver autores).